Ahmad Irfan

Sultan Suleiman Khan Suleiman I commonly known as Suleiman The Magnificent in the west, in Turkish he is known as Kanuni Sultan Suleyman (means Suleiman The Lawgiver), in his realm, he was the tenth and longer-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire his rule started from 1520 to until his death 1566. Under his administration, the Ottoman Empire ruled over 25 million people. Suleiman succeeded his father as sultan in 1520 and began his reign with campaigns against the Christian powers in Central Europe and the Mediterranean. Belgrade fell to him in 1521 and Rhodes, long under the rule of the Knights of St. John in 1522-1523. At Mohacs, in August 1526, Suleiman broke the military strength of Hungary, with the Hungarian king Louis II losing his life in the battle. Sultan Suleiman Mediterranean Sea Belgrade Rhodes Knights of St. John Mohacs Battle of Mohacs  Louis II Suleiman became a prominent monarch of 16th-century Europe, presiding over the apex of the Ottoman Empire's economic, mili...

Sultan Mehmed II Mehmed II commonly known as Mehmed the conqueror in Turkish he known as Fatih Sultan Mehmet. He was an Ottoman Sultan who ruled from August 1444 to September 1446, and then later he ruled from February 1451 to May 1481. In Mehmed II's first reign he defeated the crusade led by John Hunyadi. After the Hungarian incursions into his country broke the conditions of the truce Peace of Szeged. When Mehmed II ascended throne again in 1451 he strengthened the Ottoman navy and made preparations to attack Constantinople. At the age of 21 he conquered Constantinople (Today Istanbul). Constantinople And he brought an end to Byzantine Empire. After the conquest Mehmed claimed the title "Caesar" of the Roman Empire, based on the fact that Constantinople had been the seat and capital of the surviving Eastern Roman Empire since its consecration in 330 AD by Emperor Constantine I. The Claim was only recognized by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Nonetheless, Mehmed II ...

Osman Ghazi(Osman I) Osman I or Osman Ghazi sometimes transliterated as Othman. He was the leader of the Ottoman Turks and founder of the Ottoman dynasty. The empire from Ottoman dynasty named as Ottoman Empire. First the Ottoman Empire was known as  Ottoman Beylik or Emirate. This state, while only a small Turkmen principally during the Osman's lifetime was transformed into a world empire in the centuries after his death it existed until shortly after the World War I. Osman's Name Osman bin Ertugrul Some scholars argued that Osman's real name was Atman or Ataman, and it was only changed to Osman in Arabic origin. The earliest Byzantine sources, including Osman's contemporary George Pachymeres, spell his name as Atouman or Atman. Arab scholars used the name Othman while Ibn Bhutta who visited the region dusing Orhan I's reign called him Osmancik. Military Victories Osman's first real conquests followed the collapse of Seljuk authority when he was able to occupy ...

The Suleymaniye Mosque The Suleymaniye Mosque is an Ottoman imperial mosque located on the third hill of Istanbul in Turkey.This mosque was commissioned by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent the 10th sultan of Ottoman Empire.And designed by the imperial architect Mimar Sinan Agha.                                                         Sultan Suleiman Khan                                                                  Mimar Sinan  An inscription specifies the foundation date as 1550 and the inauguration date as 1557. The mosque was built by the Ottoman sultan Suleyman (r. 1520–1566) and the mosque was named after him. The mosque is located at the highest end of the city of Istanbul. ...

TopKapi Palace The TopKapi Palace (or the Seraglio) it is a huge museum in the east of Fatih district in Istanbul in Turkey.In the 15th and 16th century it was the main residence and administrative headquarters of Ottoman Sultans. The construction of the palace was ordered by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror. The construction palace was began in 1459,after completing six years of conquest of Constantinople.After the completion of palace it was originally named as "New Palace" to distinguish it from the "Old Palace" in Beyazit Square.                                                      old palace The name of palace was changed from New Palace to TopKapi (meaning:common gate).  The complex expanded over the centuries, with major renovations after the 1509 earhquake  and the 1665 fire. The palace complex consists of four main courtyards and many small...

Hagia Sophia  Hagia Sophia was a Christian Cathedral,after the conquest of Istanbul it became an Ottoman imperial mosque and today it is a museum people come from all over the world to visit Hagia Sophia.It was built in 537 A.D,during the reign of "JUSTINIAN".It was the largest building and an engineering marvel of that time.It is considered the epitome of "BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE",and it is said to have "changed the history of architecture". DOME It is famous for its large dome.    NAMES 1. Hagia Sophia means that The Church of Holy Wisdom. 2. In Turkish it is known as AyaSophia. 3. In Latin it is known as Sancta Sophia. Construction The designer of Hagia Sophia was "Isidore of Miletus aned Anthemius of Tralles".The materials used in construction of Hagia Sophia were Ashlar,Brick. It is of masonry construction. The structure has brick and mortar  joints that are 1.5 times the width of the bricks. The mortar joints are composed of a combination of...